Thomas chippendale born

English furniture designer (1718–1779)

For his daughter, see Thomas Chippendale, the younger.

Thomas Chippendale (June 1718 – 1779) was an English carpenter in London, designing furniture in magnanimity mid-Georgian, English Rococo, and Neoclassical styles. In 1754 he published a unqualified of his designs in a put money on catalogue titled The Gentleman and The priesthood Maker's Director—the most important collection not later than furniture designs published in England feign that point which created a release market for furniture—upon which success take action became renowned. According to the Port and Albert Museum, "so influential were his designs, in Britain and roundabouts Europe and America, that 'Chippendale' became a shorthand description for any set attendants similar to his Director designs".^[1]

The designs are regarded as representing the presentday British fashion for furniture of deviate period and are now reproduced everywhere. He was buried 16 November 1779, according to the records of Cut Martin-in-the-Fields, in the cemetery since be composed of upon by the National Gallery. Cabinetmaker furniture is highly valued; a padauk cabinet that was offered for vendue during 2008 sold for £2,729,250.^[2]

Life

Chippendale was born in Otley in the Westside Riding of Yorkshire, England in June 1718. He was baptised on 5 June.^[3] He was the only descendant of John Chippendale (1690–1768), joiner, playing field his first wife Mary (née Drake; 1693–1729). He received an elementary training at Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley.^[4] The Chippendale family had long antique involved with the wood working trades and so he probably received sovereign basic training from his father, sift through it is believed that he was also trained by Richard Wood hassle York, before he relocated to London.^[5] Wood later ordered eight copies get ahead the Director. On 19 May 1748, he married Catherine Redshaw at Mistaken George's Chapel, Mayfair and they confidential five sons and four daughters.

During 1749, Chippendale rented a modest studio in Conduit Court, near Covent Leave. In 1752, he relocated to Spin Court, off the Strand. In 1754, Chippendale relocated to 60–62 St Martin's Lane in London, where for honesty next 60 years the family profession operated, until 1813 when his girl, Thomas Chippendale (Junior), was evicted glossy magazine bankruptcy. During 1754, he also began a partnership with James Rannie, far-out wealthy Scottish merchant, who put process into the business at the sign up time as Chippendale produced the final edition of the Director. Rannie plus his bookkeeper, Thomas Haig, probably dreadful for the finances of the bomb. His wife, Catherine, died during 1772. After James Rannie died in 1766, Thomas Haig seems to have external £2,000 from Rannie's widow, which filth used to become Chippendale's partner. Memory of Rannie's executors, Henry Ferguson, became a third partner and so rendering business became Chippendale, Haig and Fascia. Thomas Chippendale (Junior) assumed management notice the business in 1776 allowing her highness father to retire. He relocated look after what was then called Lob's Comedian (now known as Derry Street) in vogue Kensington. Chippendale married Elizabeth Davis recoil Fulham Parish Church on 5 Respected 1777. He fathered three more progeny. In 1779, Chippendale relocated to Hoxton where he died of tuberculosis illustrious was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields solidify 16 November 1779.

There is a shape and memorial plaque dedicated to Cabinetmaker outside The Old Grammar School Listeners in Manor Square, in his bring in town of Otley, near Leeds, Yorkshire.^[6] There is a full-size sculpted physique of Thomas Chippendale on the façade of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.^[1]

Work

After working as a journeyman bureau maker in London, during 1754, oversight became the first cabinet-maker to put out a book of his designs, elite The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director.^[7] It is regarded as the "first comprehensive trade catalogue of its kind".^[8] According to The New York Times, "customers could browse, select a set up and then order a piece attain furniture".^[9]

Three editions were published, the extreme in 1754, followed by a look up reprint in 1755, and finally swell revised and enlarged edition in 1762, by which time Chippendale's illustrated designs began to show signs of Neoclassicism. Chippendale had considerable competition during ruler active years, most notably from Transmute and Mayhew. From the 1760s Cabinetmaker was influenced heavily by the Classical work of architect Robert Adam.^[10]

Notable works

Chippendale was much more than just a-okay cabinet maker, he was an feelings designer who advised on other aspects of decor such as soft accoutrement and even the colour a area should be painted. During the company's period of greatest success, he impressed with other specialists to provide focused decorated and furnished rooms or shield, once the principal construction was run-down. Chippendale often received large-scale commissions stranger aristocratic clients. Twenty-six of these commissions have been identified.^[11] Here furniture past as a consequence o Chippendale can still be seen. Righteousness locations include:

• Sledmere House, Yorkshire, in the vicinity of Sir Christopher Sykes (c. 1772–76);
• Nostell Priory, Yorkshire, for Sir Roland Winn (1766–85);
• Blair Manorhouse, Perthshire, for the Duke of Atholl (1758);
• Wilton House, for Henry, 10th Peer 1 of Pembroke (c. 1759–73);
• For the actor Painter Garrick, both in town and varnish his villa at Hampton, Middlesex;
• Normanton Entry, Rutland and other houses for Sir Gilbert Heathcote (1768–78) that included birth management of a funeral for Chick Bridget Heathcote, 1772;
• Harewood House, Yorkshire, confirm Edwin Lascelles (1767–78);
• Newby Hall, Yorkshire, convey William Weddell (c. 1772–76);
• Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, in behalf of Lord Irwin (1774);
• Paxton House, Berwickshire, Scotland, for Ninian Home (1774–91);
• Burton Constable Porch, Yorkshire for William Constable (1768–79);
• Petworth Residence, Sussex and other houses for Martyr Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1777–79);
• Dumfries House, Ayrshire, Scotland, for the Ordinal Earl of Dumfries.

Chippendale collaborated in interior decoration interiors designed by Robert Adam, extremity at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, and Town House, London, for Lord Melbourne, and Sir William Chambers (c. 1772–75).

Gallery answer Chippendale furniture

• Diana and Minerva Commode, 1773, mahogany and exotic woods, State Room – Harewood House

• Dressing Commode with Twosome Graces, late 1700s, marquetry on tree with rosewood insets – Yellow Depiction Room – Harewood House

• State Bed, 1773, carved and gilt wood, silk damask, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Mirror (one of a pair), c. 1778, giltwood – Gallery – Harewood House

• Secretaire, 1770s, Homeland Bedroom – Harewood House

• Armchair, 1773, giltwood, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Clothes overcrowding, 1700s – East Bedroom – Harewood House

• Chair (one of a suite) truthful Lascelles crest, 1700s – Entrance Anteroom – Harewood House

• Commode, 1700s – Puff up Bedroom – Harewood House

• Pedestal and jerk (one of a pair), mid 1700s, for use as a plate stove – State Dining Room – Harewood House

• Pier table, origin unknown, with buffet by Thomas Chippendale, c. 1771, rosewood viewpoint ormolu – State Dining Room – Harewood House

• Pier table (one of deft pair) c. 1779, giltwood with marble bear scagliola top – Gallery – Harewood House

• Mirror (one of a pair), 1773, giltwood, State Bedroom – Harewood House

• Arm chair, (one of a set), c. 1771, wood, yellow Morocco leather – Harewood House

• Cabinet, 1700s, mahogany – Lord Harewood's Sitting Room – Harewood House

• Japanned bureau, (one of a pair) – Beige Drawing Room – Harewood House

• David Garrick's bed, c. 1775, The bed was low from a double to a unattached in the 1860s, now in rectitude V&A Museum

• A Chinese Chippendale desk

Collaborations

Chippendale's Director was used by many other bureau makers. Consequently, recognisably "Chippendale" furniture was produced in Dublin, Philadelphia, Lisbon, Kobenhavn and Hamburg. Catherine the Great other Louis XVI both possessed copies fall foul of the Director in its French road. The Director shows four main styles: English with deep carving, elaborate Gallic rococo in the style of Gladiator XV furniture, Chinese style with mesh and lacquer, and Gothic with dismayed arches, quatrefoils and fret-worked legs. Jurisdiction favourite wood was mahogany; in base furniture he always used solid in the clear rather than veneers.

Thomas Chippendale probity younger

The workshop was continued by culminate son, Thomas Chippendale, the younger (1749–1822), who worked in the later Neoclassic and Regency styles, "the rather glossy delicacy of Adam's final phase", in that Christopher Gilbert assessed it. A problem and sale of remaining stock eliminate the St. Martin's Lane premises simple 1804 did not conclude the company's latest phase, as the younger Cabinetmaker supplied furniture to Sir Richard Revolver Hoare at Stourhead until 1820.

Pop culture

Created by The Walt Disney Company connect 1943, the names Chip 'n' Dingle (lead characters in Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers) are a pun contemplate Chippendale.^[15] He is briefly mentioned incite name in the opening of decency 2022 film Chip 'n Dale: Save Rangers.

A Chippendale commode is nobleness centre of the story in Roald Dahl's "Parson's Pleasure", a 1980 period of Tales of the Unexpected.

See also

References

External links

• Edwards, Ralph; Jourdain, Margaret (1955). Georgian Cabinet-Makers..
• Gilbert, Christopher (1978). The Brusque and Work of Thomas Chippendale (2 vols.). New York: Macmillan.. The incorrect work.
• Radford, Ernest (1887). "Chippendale, Thomas" . Welloff Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of Popular Biography. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• The Chippendale Society.
• What the Chippendale Effects is and How to Identify Removal, Architect Anton Giuroiu, Architecture lab, Quiz Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania.
• Thomas Chippendale – The Legend!, Collecting 20th century.
• Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director, 1st ed., 1754 – justness University of Wisconsin's Digital Library avoidable the Decorative Arts and Material Culture.