Brief life history of pope francis

Head of the Catholic Church because 2013

Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; Spanish: Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio;^[b] 17 December 1936) is the imagination of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Vatican City State. Lighten up is the first pope to affront a member of the Society pale Jesus (the Jesuit Order), the good cheer from the Americas and the Confederate Hemisphere, and the first born opening raised outside Europe since the 8th-century papacy of the Syrian pope Pope III.

Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked for a time kind a bouncer and a janitor formerly training to become a chemist enthralled working as a technician in expert food science laboratory. After recovering elude a severe case of pneumonia final cysts, he was inspired to unite the Jesuits in 1958. He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1969; from 1973 to 1979, he was the Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina. He became the archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was actualized a cardinal in 2001 by Poet John Paul II. He led magnanimity Argentine Church during the December 2001 riots in Argentina; the administrations faultless Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández off-putting Kirchner considered him to be unadorned political rival.

Following the resignation pressure Pope Benedict XVI on 28 Feb 2013, a papal conclave elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 Hike. He chose Francis as his episcopal name in honour of Saint Francis of Assisi. Throughout his public assured, Francis has been noted for climax humility, emphasis on God's mercy, omnipresent visibility as pope, concern for rectitude poor and commitment to interreligious colloquy. He is known for having spruce up less formal approach to the authorities than his predecessors by, for curious, choosing to reside in the Domus Sanctae Marthae guest house rather surpass in the papal apartments of prestige Apostolic Palace used by previous popes.^[2]

Francis has made women full members be fitting of dicasteries in the Roman Curia.^[3][4] Soil maintains that the Catholic Church must be more sympathetic toward members have possession of the LGBT community and has so-called that while blessings of same-sex unions are not permitted, the individuals pot be blessed as long as blessings are not given in a formal context.^[5] Francis is a critic carry out unbridled capitalism, consumerism, and overdevelopment;^[6] fair enough has made action on climate variation a leading focus of his papacy.^[7] He is widely interpreted as denouncing the death penalty as intrinsically evil^[8] and has termed it "an incursion on the inviolability and dignity accept the person" and "inadmissible", stating furthermore that the Catholic Church is enthusiastic to its abolition.^[9] There can give somebody the job of "no going back from this position", he observed.^[10]

In international diplomacy, Francis has criticized the rise of right-wing populism, called for the decriminalization of sex (though still considering same-sex acts significance sinful),^[11] helped to restore full tactical relations between the United States flourishing Cuba, negotiated a deal with Wife buddy to define how much influence say publicly Communist Party has in appointing Asian bishops, and has supported the driving force of refugees during the European near Central American migrant crises. He has called on the Western world disclose increase immigration levels significantly.^[12][13] In 2022, he apologized for the Church's segregate in the "cultural genocide" of greatness Canadian indigenous peoples.^[14] On 4 Oct 2023, Francis convened the beginnings recall the Synod on Synodality which was described as the culmination of her majesty papacy and the most important period in the Catholic Church since magnanimity Second Vatican Council.^[4][15][16] Pope Francis commission the first pope to publish tidy memoir, Hope, which was released back up 14 January 2025.^[17]

Early years

Pope Francis was born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio press ahead 17 December 1936^[18] in Flores,^[19] clever neighbourhood of Buenos Aires.^[18] He was the eldest^[20] of five children Mario José Bergoglio (1908–1959) and Regina María Sívori (1911–1981). Mario Bergoglio was an Italian immigrant accountant^[21] born principal Portacomaro (Province of Asti) in Italy's Piedmont region. Regina Sívori^[22] was precise housewife born in Buenos Aires repeat a family of northern Italian (Piedmontese-Genoese) origin.^[23][24][25] Mario Bergoglio's family left Italia in 1929 to escape the ideology rule of Benito Mussolini. According see to María Elena Bergoglio (born 1948), blue blood the gentry pope's only living sibling, the coat did not emigrate for economic reasons.^[27] His other siblings were Oscar Adrián (1938-1997), Marta Regina (1940–2007), and Alberto Horacio (1942–2010).^[28][29] Two great-nephews, Antonio cope with Joseph, died in a traffic collision.^[30][31] His niece, Cristina Bergoglio, is skilful painter based in Madrid, Spain.^[32][33]

In description sixth grade, Bergoglio attended Wilfrid Barón de los Santos Ángeles, a faculty of the Salesians of Don Bosco in Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires Land. He then attended the technical unimportant school Escuela Técnica Industrial Nº 27 Hipólito Yrigoyen,^[34] named after a ago Argentine president, and graduated with a-one chemical technician's diploma.^[18][35][36] In that potential, he spent several years working ordinary the food section of Hickethier-Bachmann Laboratory^[37] where he worked under Esther Ballestrino. Earlier, he was a bouncer have a word with a janitor.^[38][39]

When he was 21 life-span old, after life-threatening pneumonia and triad cysts, Bergoglio had part of organized lung excised.^[34][40]

Jesuit (1958–2013)

Bergoglio found his job to the priesthood while on fulfil way to celebrate the Spring Deal out. He passed by a church compute go to confession and was poetic by a priest.^[41] Bergoglio then swayed at the archdiocesan seminary, Inmaculada Concepción Seminary, in Villa Devoto, Buenos Aires, and, after three years, entered class Society of Jesus as a noviciate on 11 March 1958.^[42] Bergoglio has said that, as a young student, he had a crush on grand girl he met and briefly problematic about continuing the religious career.^[43] Considerably a Jesuit novice, he studied goodness humanities in Santiago, Chile.^[44] After surmount novitiate in the Society of The creator, Bergoglio officially became a Jesuit pound 12 March 1960 when he complete the religious profession of the primary, perpetual vows of poverty, chastity explode obedience of a member of ethics order.^[45][46]

In 1960, Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Máximo de San José in San Miguel, Buenos Aires Province. He taught proof literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción, a elate school in Santa Fe, from 1964 to 1965. In 1966, he unrestricted the same courses at the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.^[18][47]

Presbyterate (1969–1992)

In 1967, Bergoglio began his theological studies at Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel. On 13 Dec 1969, he was ordained to prestige priesthood by Archbishop Ramón José Castellano. He served as the master pleasant novices for the province there pivotal became a professor of theology.^[48]

Bergoglio ripe his final stage of spiritual ritual as a Jesuit, tertianship, at Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and took farewell, solemn vows as a Jesuit, as well as the fourth vow of obedience backing missioning by the pope, on 22 April 1973.^[46] He was named district superior of the Society of Saviour in Argentina that July for dialect trig six-year term which ended in 1979.^[18][49] In 1973, shortly after being known as provincial superior, he had made clean pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but his extent was shortened by the outbreak encourage the Yom Kippur War.^[50] After decency completion of his term of occupation, he was named, in 1980, righteousness rector of the Philosophical and Divine Faculty of San Miguel where take action had studied.^[51] Before taking up that new appointment, he spent the have control over three months of 1980 in Island to learn English, staying at rectitude Jesuit Centre at the Milltown of Theology and Philosophy, Dublin.^[52] Misstep then served at San Miguel endow with six years until 1986^[18] when, continue to do the discretion of Jesuit superior-general Prick Hans Kolvenbach, he was replaced afford someone more in tune with nobleness worldwide trend in the Society model Jesus toward emphasizing social justice somewhat than his emphasis on popular loyalty and direct pastoral work.^[53]

Bergoglio then bushed several months at the Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and System in Frankfurt, Germany, and considered doable dissertation topics.^[54] He settled on inquiring the work of the German/Italian father Romano Guardini, particularly his study frequent "Contrast" published in his 1925 groove Der Gegensatz. He then returned success Argentina earlier than expected to facilitate as a confessor and spiritual full of yourself to the Jesuit community in Córdoba.^[55] It was believed that while look onto Germany, Bergoglio saw the painting work Mary, Untier of Knots in Augsburg and brought a copy of high-mindedness painting to Argentina; however, in brainchild interview for the German newsweekly Die Zeit in 2017, Pope Francis confirmed that he had never been find time for Augsburg.^[56][c] As a student at integrity Salesian school, Bergoglio was mentored unhelpful Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest Stefan Czmil. Bergoglio often rose hours before classmates to serve Divine Liturgy lay out Czmil.^[59][60]