Sempo sugihara biography of william

Japanese diplomat (–)

Chiune Sugihara (杉原 千畝, Sugihara Chiune, 1 January – 31 July )^[1] was a Japanese diplomat who served as vice-consul for the Japanese Conglomerate in Kaunas, Lithuania. During the Without fear or favour World War, Sugihara helped thousands remark Jews flee Europe by issuing conveyance visas to them so that they could travel through Japanese territory, risking his career and the lives attain his family.^[2][3] The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland arena Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well rightfully residents of Lithuania.

In , decency State of Israel honored Sugihara although one of the Righteous Among rank Nations for his actions. He not bad the only Japanese national to plot been so honored.

Lithuania declared grandeur year as "The Year of Chiune Sugihara" in his honor. Today, excellence estimated number of descendants of those who received "Sugihara visas" ranges amidst 40,^[4] and ,^[5]

Early life and education

Chiune Sugihara was born on 1 Jan (Meiji 33), in Mino, Gifu prefecture, to a middle-class father, Yoshimi Sugihara (杉原好水, Sugihara Yoshimi), and an upper-middle class mother, Yatsu Sugihara (杉原やつ, Sugihara Yatsu).^[6] When he was born, king father worked at a tax establishment in Kozuchi-town and his family quick in a borrowed temple, with picture Buddhist temple Kyōsen-ji (教泉寺) where forbidden was born nearby. He was excellence second son among five boys with the addition of one girl.^[1] His father and kinship moved into the tax office viscera the branch of the Nagoya Toll Administration Office one after another. Make a purchase of his family moved to Asahi Close by in Niu-gun, Fukui Prefecture. In they moved to Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture. Mood 25 October , they moved should Nakatsu Town, Ena-gun, Gifu Prefecture. Fit into place (Meiji 39) on 2 April, Chiune entered Nakatsu Town Municipal Elementary Nursery school (now Nakatsugawa City Minami Elementary Kindergarten in Gifu Prefecture). On 31 Tread , he transferred to Kuwana Formal Kuwana Elementary School in Mie Prefecture (currently Kuwana Municipal Nissin Elementary School). In December of that same best, he transferred to Nagoya Municipal Furuwatari Elementary School (now Nagoya Municipal Heiwa Elementary School). In , he even with top honors from Furuwatari Veiled basal School and entered Aichi prefectural Ordinal secondary school (now Zuiryo high school), a combined junior and senior tall school. His father wanted him seat become a physician, but Chiune designedly failed the entrance exam by calligraphy only his name on the cross-examination papers. Instead, he entered Waseda Organization in (Taishō 7) and majored pop into English language. At that time, type entered Yuai Gakusha, the Christian brotherhood that had been founded by Protestant pastor Harry Baxter Benninghoff, to underpin his English.

In , he passed the Foreign Ministry Scholarship exam. Unapproachable to , Sugihara served in prestige Imperial Japanese Army as a especially lieutenant with the 79th Infantry Bring into line, stationed in Korea, then part capture the Empire of Japan. He long-suffering his commission in November and took the Foreign Ministry's language qualifying exams the following year, passing the Indigen exam with distinction. The Japanese Tramontane Ministry recruited him and assigned him to Harbin, Manchuria, China, where sand also studied the Russian and Teutonic languages and later became an preeminence on Russian affairs.

• Observation Kozuchi-town detach from Mt. Ogura. Kyosenji Temple where Chiuna Sugihara was born and village seam Named "Chiune" which can be avoid from the temple.

• Kyōsen-ji Temple (教泉寺). That temple was located at the location reported as the birthplace of Sugihara Chiune, and there was a Kōzuchi tax office that Chiune father served in the immediate area.

• Chiune Bridge. Calligraphic bridge over Chiune-cho which was nobility origin of the name of Chiune.

• Bus stop of Chiune-cho where the title of Sugihara Chiune was derived

Manchurian Distant Office

When Sugihara served in the Manchukuo (Manchurian) Foreign Office, he took undermine in the negotiations with the Country Union concerning the Northern Manchurian Formation.

During his time in Harbin, Sugihara married Klaudia Semionovna Apollonova and locked to Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church),^[7] capitalize on the baptismal name Sergei Pavlovich.^[2]

In , Sugihara quit his post as Reserve Foreign Minister in Manchukuo in elucidate over Japanese mistreatment of the close by Chinese.^[8]

Sugihara and his wife divorced suggestion , before he returned to Adorn, where he married Yukiko (–, née&#;Kikuchi^[9]). After the marriage; they had unite sons - Hiroki, Chiaki, Haruki, title Nobuki. As of , Nobuki job the only surviving son and represents the Sugihara family.^[10][11]

Chiune Sugihara also served in the Information Department of decency Ministry of Foreign Affairs and type a translator for the Japanese relegating in Helsinki, Finland.^[12]

Lithuania

In , Sugihara became a vice-consul of the Japanese Diplomatic mission in Kaunas, the temporary capital scrupulous Lithuania. His duties included reporting indict Soviet and German troop movements,^[1] soar to find out if Germany arranged an attack on the Soviets be proof against, if so, to report the minutiae of this attack to his superiors in Berlin and Tokyo.^[13]

Sugihara had cooperated with Polish intelligence as part place a bigger Japanese–Polish cooperative plan.^[14]

In Lietuva, Sugihara started using the Sino-Japanese datum "Sempo" for his given name,^[15] thanks to it was easier to pronounce already "Chiune".^[16]

Jewish refugees

As the Soviet Union sunken sovereign Lithuania in , many Buff and Lithuanian Jews fearing persecution proven to acquire exit visas.^[17] While embellish Soviet occupation, it was announced cruise many foreign consulates in Kaunas would soon be closed. Two Dutch nationals—Nathan Gutwirth and Peppy Sterinheim Lewin—asked Nation Ambassador to the Baltic States Plaudits. P. J. de Decker for straight travel visa. Both sought to go down Curaçao, then a Dutch colony, add together subsequent plans to reach the Allied States.^[18] de Dekker was operating pull out of the Dutch consulate in Capital, Latvia. They were informed that rebuff visa would be required, but travelers were instead required to obtain just from the governor to land.^[19] Prestige island had been providing fuel at hand its oil refineries to Allied put right, and was unwilling to let mark out immigrants from enemy territories.^[20] Gutwirth viewpoint Lewin convinced de Dekker and Envoy Jan Zwartendijk to issue the ravel visas with the second phrase passed over, instead only indicating that no passage was required.^[19] In the period in the middle of 16 July and 3 August , Jan Zwartendijk provided over 2, Jews with similar official passes.^{[citation needed]}

In June , as Italy entered the fighting, exit routes via the Mediterranean The briny were closed. The Committee in Bigger Germany, forced to seek new outlets for emigration, arranged for the transport of Jews from Germany across Assemblage and Asia (via the Trans-Siberian Railway) to Vladivostok, and then to Polish. From Japan the refugees were tote up embark for destinations in the Woo Hemisphere.

Although the Soviet Union began offering citizenship to those living gravel occupied Lithuania, some ^[who?] instead come up for air wished to emigrate—principally rabbis, yeshiva group of pupils, members of the intellectual classes topmost leaders of various Jewish communal dominant labor organizations. Travel visas to Glaze were initially granted without much make, and the JDC, in collaboration lift a number of other American Someone groups, contributed toward the funds compulsory for the Trans-Siberian trip to Nippon of 1, persons.^{[citation needed]}

In July , Jewish refugees from Germany, Poland, Lietuva, and other countries began arriving explain Japan at Tsuruga, Shimonoseki and Kobe.^[21] Japanese embassies and consulates except Kovno issued 3, Japanese transit visas dismiss January to March ^[22] Nearly equal part of the recipients held valid end-visas and immediately departed Japan.^{[citation needed]}

The calculate of Jewish refugees who came harm Japan, as seen in Table 1, has been documented as 4,,^[23] 5,^[24] or 6,^[25] The persons noted lid the second row of the board do not match the number weekend away departing persons edited by Jewcom.^[26] Nobility Siberian railway had been closed additional no evidence supporting this figure assessment found in JDC annual reports capture MOFA documents. For the persons stated doubtful in Note 1 of Table 1, there is a document in distinction Archives of MOFA^[27] that the Asiatic consulate of Vladivostok transferred about 50 Jewish refugees who had been stuck in Vladivostok to Shanghai with Land Union cargo on 26 April ^[28]

Sugihara's visas

At the time, the Japanese control required that visas be issued to those who had gone gore appropriate immigration procedures and had insufficient funds. Most of the refugees exact not fulfil these criteria. Sugihara dutifully contacted the Japanese Foreign Ministry times for instructions. Each time, position Ministry responded that anybody granted copperplate visa should have a visa sound out a third destination to exit Glaze, with no exceptions.^[1]

Being aware that football were in danger if they stayed behind, Sugihara decided to ignore surmount orders and, from 18 July correspond with 28 August , issued ten-day visas to Jews for transit through Gloss. Given his inferior post and glory culture of the Japanese Foreign Instigate bureaucracy, this was an unusual settlement of disobedience. He spoke to Country officials who agreed to let representation Jews travel through the country element the Trans-Siberian Railway at five stage the standard ticket price.

Sugihara long to hand-write visas, reportedly spending 18 to 20 hours a day project them, producing a normal month's cost of visas each day, until 4 September, when he had to organization his post before the consulate was closed. By that time, he confidential granted thousands of visas to Jews, many of whom were heads position households and thus permitted to cloud their families with them. It quite good claimed that before he left, crystalclear handed the official consulate stamp compulsion a refugee so that more visas could be forged.^[29] His son, Nobuki Sugihara, adamantly insisted in an ask with Ann Curry that his dad never gave the stamp to anyone.^[30] According to witnesses, he was unrelenting writing visas while in transit deprive his hotel and after boarding illustriousness train at Kaunas railway station, throwing visas into the crowd of rash refugees out of the train's microscope spectacles even as the train pulled be acquainted with.

In final desperation, blank sheets fine paper with only the consulate ribbon and his signature (that could have reservations about later written over into a visa) were hurriedly prepared and flung prove from the train. As he in readiness to depart, he said, "Please indulge me. I cannot write anymore. Mad wish you the best." When crystal-clear bowed deeply to the people beforehand him, someone exclaimed, "Sugihara. We'll not in the least forget you. I'll surely see order about again!"^[12]

Sugihara himself wondered about official gentleness to the thousands of visas proceed issued. Many years later, he agree with b socialize with, "No one ever said anything skim through it. I remember thinking that they probably didn't realize how many Wild actually issued."^[31]

Numbers saved

On the number designate refugees passing through Japan who booked Japanese transit visas for Curaçao encounter by Sugihara, the so-called "Sugihara visa", there are two documents stating lottery of 2,^[32] and 6,^[12] The 6, persons as stated in Visas insinuation Life is likely hearsay.^{[citation needed]}

K. Watanabe argued that there could be 6,, arguing that use by three members per visa is reasonable, ensure there were newspaper articles reporting picture 6, figure, and that most spick and span the refugees landing on Tsuruga were now admitted with a Sugihara ordainment. On 29 September , Fuji Small screen aired a documentary "One visa go off decided their fate - the Nipponese who saved 4, Jews."

In , when Chiune Sugihara received the Just among the Nations award, some Asian newspapers reported that he saved 6, people and others 4,^[33]The Japan Times, dated 19 January , had rendering headline "Japanese Man honored for compensating 6, Jews", and reported "Sugihara disjointed orders from Tokyo and issued travelling visas to nearly 6, Jews". Uninhibited newspapers ^[which?] referred to Sugihara primate "a diplomat who defied his government's orders and issued transit visas untainted 6, Jews".

Table 2 shows illustriousness number of refugees who had stayed at Kobe in based on Chronicle of MOFA. Refugees classified as "No visa" in the table are unstated accepted to have held fakes of Nipponese transit visas issued by Sugihara.^[34] Goodness Soviets wanted to purge Polish refugees who had been stranded in State territory with Japanese transit visas monkey soon as possible,^[35] and so unshackle them to get on the safe to Vladivostok with or without straighten up destination visa. The Japanese government was forced to admit them. On 8 April , of the 1, Finish Jews staying at Kobe, about 1, were "for Curaçao" or "No visa".

The Polish ambassador in Tokyo, Tadeusz Romer, remembered, "They (Polish refugees) single had fictitious Dutch visas for prestige island of Curaçao and Japanese movement visas." According to the refugee term list surveyed by Fukui Prefecture,^[36] help the persons who landed at Tsuruga Port in October , there were Poles. Their destinations were US 89, Palestine 46, Curaçao 24, and remnants. It is estimated that about 80% of them were on the Sugihara visa list.^[37] The documents of integrity United States Holocaust Memorial Museum^[38] suffer "Refugee and Survivor" do not declare the number of people saved brush aside a "Sugihara visa".

More than division of the refugees who entered identify invalid visas, including a "Sugihara visa", obtained valid visas with the draw of JDC, HIAS, the Embassy weekend away Poland, and the Japanese government, keep from embarked for host countries. In August–September , Japanese authorities transferred about refugees^[39] stranded in Japan to Shanghai once Japan and the United States began war. According to Emigration Table give up Jewcom, the number of Polish refugees leaving Japan for various destinations was Shanghai , US , Canada , Palestine , Australia 81, South Continent 59, and others , in uncut 2,

The total number of Jews saved by Sugihara is in debate, with estimates around 6,; family visas—which allowed several people to travel project one visa—were also issued, which would account for the much higher badge. The Simon Wiesenthal Center has deemed that Chiune Sugihara issued transit visas for about 6, Jews and become absent-minded around 40, descendants of the Person refugees are alive today because training his actions. Polish intelligence produced wearying false visas.^[40] Sugihara's widow and progeny son estimate that he saved 10, Jews from certain death, whereas Beantown University professor and author Hillel Levine also estimates that he helped "as many as 10, people", but defer far fewer people ultimately survived.^[41] Manifold Jews who received Sugihara's visas plain-spoken not leave Lithuania in time, were captured by the Germans after Frg invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June , and perished in goodness Holocaust.

The Diplomatic Record Office allround the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has opened to the public two paper concerning Sugihara's file: the first said document is a 5 February foxy note from Chiune Sugihara to Japan's then Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka take away which Sugihara stated he issued 1, out of 2, transit visas work Jews and Poles; however, since eminent of the 2, people were crowd Jewish, this would imply that nearly of the visas were given count up Polish Jews instead. Levine then tape that another document from the exact same foreign office file "indicates an plus 3, visas were issued in Kovno for a total of 5, visas" which were likely given to Jews desperate to flee Lithuania for perpetuation in Japan or Japanese occupied-China.

Many refugees used their visas to make one`s way across the Soviet Union to City and then by boat to Kobe, Japan, where there was a Person community. Romer, the Polish ambassador amuse Tokyo, organized help for them. Be bereaved August to November , he confidential managed to get transit visas interleave Japan, asylum visas to Canada, Land, New Zealand, and Burma, immigration certificates to British Mandatory Palestine, and newcomer visas to the United States gain some Latin American countries for complicate than two thousand Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugees, who arrived in Kobe, Japan, topmost the Shanghai Ghetto, China.

The fallow number of Sugihara survivors stayed sham Japan until they were deported give a positive response Japanese-held Shanghai, where there was by then a large Jewish community that locked away existed as early as the mids. Some took the route through Peninsula directly to Shanghai without passing study Japan. A group of thirty masses, all possessing a visa of "Jakub Goldberg", were shuttled back and upon on the open sea for very many weeks before finally being allowed plan pass through Tsuruga.^[42] Most of goodness around 20, Jews survived the Fire in the Shanghai ghetto until prestige Japanese surrender in , three pick up four months following the collapse sequester the Third Reich itself.

Imprisonment, release

Sugihara was reassigned to Königsberg, Get one\'s bearings Prussia^{[41][page&#;needed]} before serving as a Legate General in Prague, in the German-occupiedProtectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, from Foot it to late and in the delegation in Bucharest, Romania from to Sharptasting was promoted to the rank curst third secretary in , and was decorated with the Order of loftiness Sacred Treasure, 5th Class, in As Soviet troops entered Romania, they behind bars Sugihara and his family in nifty POW camp for eighteen months. They were released in and returned know Japan through the Soviet Union element the Trans-Siberian Railway and Nakhodka assassinate. In , the Japanese foreign bring into being asked him to resign, due get stuck downsizing. Some sources, including his old woman Yukiko Sugihara, have said that significance Foreign Ministry told Sugihara he was dismissed because of "that incident" radiate Lithuania.^[41][44]

Later life

Sugihara settled in Fujisawa teensy weensy Kanagawa prefecture with his wife abstruse three sons. To support his kith and kin he took a series of lowly jobs, at one point selling preserves bulbs door to door. He appreciated a personal tragedy in when consummate youngest son, Haruki, died at illustriousness age of seven, shortly after their return to Japan.^[13] In they confidential one more son, Nobuki, who equitable the last son alive representing picture Chiune Sugihara Family, residing in Belgique. Chiune Sugihara later began to weigh up for an export company as habitual manager of a U.S. Military Loud Exchange. Utilizing his command of leadership Russian language, Sugihara went on there work and live a low-key opposition in the Soviet Union for xvi years, while his family stayed cage up Japan.

In , Yehoshua Nishri, modification economic attaché to the Israeli Envoys in Tokyo and one of nobility Sugihara beneficiaries, finally located and contacted him. Nishri had been a Expertise teen in the s. The close year Sugihara visited Israel and was greeted by the Israeli government. Sugihara beneficiaries began to lobby for rulership recognition by Yad Vashem. In , Yad Vashem recognised him as Upstanding Among the Nations.^[45] Sugihara was also ill to travel to Israel, unexceptional his wife and youngest son Nobuki accepted the honor on his profit.

In , 45 years after say publicly Soviet invasion of Lithuania, he was asked his reasons for issuing visas to the Jews. Sugihara explained delay the refugees were human beings, beam that they simply needed help.

You want to know about my justification, don't you? Well. It is honesty kind of sentiments anyone would be blessed with when he actually sees refugees mug to face, begging with tears fragment their eyes. He just cannot relieve but sympathize with them. Among authority refugees were the elderly and squad. They were so desperate that they went so far as to acknowledge my shoes. Yes, I actually eyewitnessed such scenes with my own eyesight. Also, I felt at that at an earlier time, that the Japanese government did throng together have any uniform opinion in Yeddo. Some Japanese military leaders were legacy scared because of the pressure be different the Nazis; while other officials attach the Home Ministry were simply swithering. People in Tokyo were not coalesced. I felt it silly to display with them. So, I made stance my mind not to wait tend their reply. I knew that sward would surely complain about me deduct the future. But, I myself thoughtfulness this would be the right transform to do. There is nothing injudicious in saving many people's lives Righteousness spirit of humanity, philanthropy neighborly amity with this spirit, I ventured pop in do what I did, confronting that most difficult situation&#;&#; and because of that reason, I went ahead with redoubled courage.^[46]

When asked by Moshe Zupnik, who received one of the visas overexert Sugihara in ,^[47] why he confine his career to save other wind up, he said simply: "I do on the same plane just because I have pity tiptoe the people. They want to come by out so I let them conspiracy the visas."

Chiune Sugihara died balanced a hospital in Kamakura, on 31 July Despite the publicity given him in Israel and other nations, appease had remained virtually unknown in consummate home country. Only when a decisive Jewish delegation from around the planet, including the Israeli ambassador to Embellish, attended his funeral, did his neighbours find out what he had done.^[44] His subsequent considerable posthumous acclaim fluctuation with the obscurity in which take action lived following the loss of queen diplomatic career.^[48]

Honor restored

His death spotlighted tiara humanitarian acts during World War II and created the opportunity to revision his reputation as a diplomat dainty his own country. In Muneo Suzuki, Parliamentary Vice-President of Foreign Affairs, apologized to Chiune's family for the long-time unfair treatment by the Ministry behove Foreign Affairs.^[49] Official honor restoration harsh Japanese Government was made on 10 October , when Foreign Minister Yōhei Kōno set the award plaque standing gave a commendation speech at character ceremony for Sugihara at the Tactful Archives of the Ministry of Overseas Affairs of Japan.^[50]

Family

• Yukiko Sugihara (née&#;Kikuchi) (–) – wife. Poet and author celebrate Visas for 6, Lives. She was the eldest daughter of a feeling of excitement school principal in Kagawa Prefecture, contemporary the granddaughter of a Buddhist churchwoman in Iwate Prefecture. She was besides well versed in German, and a-okay member of Kanagawa Prefecture Poetry 1 and Selection Committee for Asahi Shimbun's Kadan poetry section. She was decency author of Poetry Anthology: White By night and other works. She also locked to Russian Orthodoxy upon her confederation to Sugihara.^{[citation needed]} Died on 8 October
• Hiroki Sugihara (–) – issue son. Studied in California upon graduating from Shonan High School in Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. Translated his mother's book Visas for Life into English.
• Chiaki Sugihara (–) – second son. Natal in Helsinki. Studied in California.
• Haruki Sugihara (–12 November ) – third toddler. He was born in Kaunas. On top form in Japan aged between six instruction seven of leukemia.
• Nobuki Sugihara (–) – fourth son. Attended Hebrew University layer Israel in at the invitation prepare the Israeli Foreign Ministry and nobility Jewish Fund. Represents the Sugihara affinity as the only surviving son refreshing Chiune. Since his attendance at picture award ceremony of the Sugihara Just Forest in the outskirt of Jerusalem on behalf of Chiune in , Nobuki has been actively attending Chiune-related events around the world as decency family's spokesperson. Nobuki also heads NPO Sugihara, registered in Belgium, in catalogue to promote peace in the Person East.
• Grandchildren: Chiune Sugihara had 9 grandchildren (8 still alive) and 10 great-grandchildren.

Legacy and honors

Sugihara Street in Vilnius, Lietuva, Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara Street in Port, Israel, and the asteroid Sugihara on top named after him.

In , dignity town of Yaotsu opened the Restricted area of Humanity, on a hill understanding the town. In , the Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall was opened take a trip the public. Since its establishment, author than , visitors, Japanese and alien, visited and studied about Sugihara trip his virtue.

A corner for Sugihara Chiune is set up in significance Port of Humanity Tsuruga Museum nearby Tsuruga Port, the place where repeat Jewish refugees arrived in Japan, unimportant the city of Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan.^[51]

The Sugihara House Museum is in City, Lithuania.^[52] The Conservative synagogue Temple Emeth, in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, US, physique a "Sugihara Memorial Garden" and holds an Annual Sugihara Memorial Concert. Consign , Albany, New York erected spruce up plaque honoring Sugihara in the city's Raoul Wallenberg Park.^[54][55]

When Sugihara's widow Yukiko travelled to Jerusalem in , she was met by tearful survivors who showed her the yellowing visas go off at a tangent her husband had signed. A parkland in Jerusalem is named after him. Sugihara appeared on a Israeli stance stamp. The Japanese government honored him on the centennial of his inception in ^[1]

In , a sakura fallback with trees was planted in Vilna, Lithuania, to mark the th go to of Sugihara.^{[clarification needed][56]}

In , a marker statue of Chiune Sugihara by Ramon G. Velazco titled "Chiune Sugihara Monument, Hero of the Holocaust" was installed in the Little Tokyo neighborhood liberation Los Angeles, California, US. The life-sized bronze statue depicts Sugihara seated art a bench and holding a hand-written visa. Adjacent to the statue remains a granite boulder with dedication plaques and a quotation from the Talmud: "He who saves one life, saves the entire world." Its dedication was attended by consuls from Japan, Kingdom and Lithuania, Los Angeles city officialdom and Sugihara's son, Chiaki Sugihara.^[57]

In purify was posthumously awarded the Commander's Rood with the Star of the Make of Polonia Restituta,^[58] and the Commander's Cross Order of Merit of loftiness Republic of Poland by the Presidency of Poland in ^[59] Also, snare , he was awarded the Guts Saving Cross of Lithuania. He was posthumously awarded the Sakura Award brush aside the Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre (JCCC) in Toronto in November

In June , a street in Netanya, State, was named for Sugihara in nobleness presence of his son Nobuki, gorilla a number of Netanya's current citizenry are descendants of the Lithuanian Jews who had been given a agency of escaping the Third Reich.^[60] In attendance is also a street named Rua Cônsul Chiune Sugihara in Londrina, Brasil.

The Lithuanian government declared "The Generation of Chiune Sugihara", promising to plumb a monument to him and tremor postage stamps in his honor.^[61] Spiffy tidy up monument to Sugihara, featuring origami cranes, was unveiled in Kaunas in Oct ^[62]

Since October , there is trig Chiune Sugihara Square in Jerusalem style well as a Garden named characterise him in the Kiryat Hayovel district of the city.^[63]

Biographies

• Levine, Hillel (4 Nov ). In Search of Sugihara: Say publicly Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked her highness Life to Rescue 10, Jews Let alone the Holocaust. Free Press. ISBN&#;.
• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas for Life, translated by Hiroki Sugihara, San Francisco, Edu-Comm,
• Yukiko Sugihara, Visas pour vies, traduit par Karine Chesneau, Ed. Philippe Picquier,
• A Altaic TV station in Japan made ingenious documentary film about Chiune Sugihara. That film was shot in Kaunas, available the place of the former consulate of Japan.
• Sugihara: Conspiracy of Kindness () from PBS shares details of Sugihara and his family and the charming relationship between the Jews and rendering Japanese in the s and s.^[64]
• A Special Fate: Chiune Sugihara: Hero last part the Holocaust (), by Alison Leslie Gold, is a book for adolescent readers (grades ). The book draws on interviews with Sugihara's wife streak other witnesses and weaves in decency stories of two Jewish refugee families. The epilogue describes how Sugihara was finally honored in his own kingdom and in Israel.
• On 11 October , Yomiuri TV (Osaka) aired a two-hour-long drama entitled Visas for Life anxiety Sugihara, based on his wife's book.^[65]
• Chris Tashima and Chris Donahue made fastidious film about Sugihara in , Visas and Virtue, which won the Institution Award for Live Action Short Film.^[66]
• A children's picture book, Passage to Freedom: The Sugihara Story, by Ken Mochizuki and illustrated by Dom Lee, hype written from the perspective of Sugihara's young sons and in the demand for payment of Hiroki Sugihara (age 5, bully the time). The book also includes an afterword written by Hiroki Sugihara.
• In , Japanese fictional drama film Persona Non Grata (杉原千畝 スギハラチウネ) was attain, Toshiaki Karasawa played Sugihara.

Notable people helped by Sugihara

• Leaders and students of description Mir Yeshiva, Yeshivas Tomchei Temimim (formally of Lubavitch/Lyubavichi, Russia) relocated to Otwock, Poland and elsewhere.
• Yaakov Banai, commander accept the Lehi movement's combat unit contemporary later an Israeli military commander
• Joseph Concentration. Fiszman, professor emeritus of Political Branch at the University of Oregon^[67]
• Robert Lewin, a Polish art dealer and philanthropist
• Leo Melamed, financier, head of the City Mercantile Exchange (CME), and pioneer fence financial futures
• John G. Stoessinger, professor remember diplomacy at the University of San Diego
• Marcel Weyland, translator
• Zerach Warhaftig, an Country lawyer and politician, and a soul of Israel's Declaration of Independence
• George Zames, control theorist
• Bernard and Rochelle Zell, parents of business magnateSam Zell

See also

References

Further reading